转载 2021-01-11

新时代的中国国际发展合作

（2021年1月）

中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室

China’s International Development Cooperation in the New Era

The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China

January 2021

前言

Preface

中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。中华人民共和国成立以来，中国秉持国际主义和人道主义精神，始终关注和支持其他发展中国家改善民生、谋求发展的事业。新中国成立伊始，在国家百废待兴、财力紧张的情况下，中国即开始向有关国家提供援助，为发展中国家争取民族独立和解放、促进经济社会发展提供有力支持，奠定了中国与广大发展中国家长期友好合作的坚实基础。改革开放以来，中国对外援助内容更加丰富、形式更加多样，促进了中国与其他发展中国家的共同发展。

China is the largest developing country in the world.

Since its founding in 1949, the People’s Republic of China has always demonstrated a spirit of internationalism and humanitarianism following and supporting other developing countries’ efforts to improve their people’s lives and achieve development. From the outset, even though China was itself short of funds, it started offering assistance to needy countries in support of their fight for national independence and liberation, and their effort to promote economic and social development, which laid a solid foundation for long-term friendship and cooperation with those countries. After launching reform and opening up in 1978, China has provided other developing economies with even more aid in more diverse forms to boost common development.

中共十八大以来，中国发展进入新时代。习近平主席从全球视角思考责任担当，提出构建人类命运共同体、共建“一带一路”等新思想新倡议，倡导正确义利观和真实亲诚、亲诚惠容理念，在一系列重大国际场合宣布务实合作举措，为破解全球发展难题、推动落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程提出中国方案、贡献中国智慧、注入中国力量。中国的对外援助顺应时代要求，向国际发展合作转型升级，呈现新气象、实现新发展、进入新时代。

China entered a new era after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2012. President Xi Jinping has considered China’s responsibilities from a global perspective, and proposed the vision of a global community of shared future and the Belt and Road Initiative. China is committed to pursuing the greater good and shared interests, and upholding the principles of sincerity, real results, affinity, and good faith for developing relations with other developing countries and the principles of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness for expanding relations with neighboring countries. To this end, President Xi has taken advantage of many major international occasions to announce a broad range of cooperation measures. These present China’s approach, offer its vision, and contribute its strength to resolving global development issues and implementing the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In response to the call of the times, China has been upgrading its foreign assistance to a model of international development cooperation, taking on new initiatives and achieving greater results in this new era.

为介绍新时代中国国际发展合作（注1）的理念和实践，展望未来中国开展国际发展合作的政策举措，特发布本白皮书。

The Chinese government is publishing this white paper to introduce China’s views on international development cooperation  in the new era, the actions it has taken, and its plans for the future.

一、人类命运共同体理念引领新时代中国国际发展合作

I. International Development Cooperation in the New Era and a Global Community of Shared Future

当今世界，各国相互联系、相互依存日益紧密，人类越来越成为你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。新时代的中国国际发展合作，以推动构建人类命运共同体为引领，精神内涵更加丰富，目标方向更加清晰，行动实践更有活力。

The unprecedented level of interconnection and interdependence among countries binds them into a global community of shared future. Guided by this vision, China’s international development cooperation in the new era has a more profound philosophical basis and clearer goals, which lead to more concrete actions.

（一）中国国际发展合作的文化根脉和精神源泉

1. Cultural and Philosophical Origins

讲信义、重情义、扬正义、树道义的文化基因和国家品格，是中国国际发展合作不断向前发展的内生动力。

China has a cultural foundation and national character that attach great importance to good faith, friendship, justice and righteousness. This is an inherent force driving China’s development cooperation, which is based on the following notions:

——中国开展国际发展合作，源于中华民族的天下大同理念。追求“大道之行、天下为公”、崇尚“亲仁善邻、协和万邦”、倡导“和衷共济、守望相助”，是融入中华民族血脉的文化基因，是中国开展国际发展合作的坚守和追求。中国秉承“天下一家、命运与共”的价值理念，推崇公正合理的国际关系，坚定做全球发展的贡献者。

–The Chinese nation’s ideal of universal harmony. China pursues an ideal world where the Great Way rules for the common good, respects the principles of good neighborliness and harmony in relations with all other countries, and advocates cooperation and mutual help. Deep rooted in Chinese culture, these are the firm beliefs that inspire China’s development cooperation. Upholding the belief that all countries are members of a global village with shared future, China advocates fairer and more equitable international relations, and steadfastly contributes to global development.

——中国开展国际发展合作，源于中国人民投桃报李的朴实情感。在自身发展过程中，中国得到了有关国家和国际组织的宝贵支持和帮助，中国人民铭记于心。中华文化崇尚滴水之恩、涌泉相报。中国愿毫无保留地分享行之有效的发展经验，让发展之花在世界更多地方盛开，让发展果实造福更多国家和人民。

–The Chinese idea of repaying kindness with kindness. The Chinese people will always remember the support and help that China has received from other countries and international organizations. Chinese culture admires those who return the favor of a drop of water in need with a spring of water indeed. China is willing to share its successful experience without reservation to boost development in other places and benefit more countries and peoples.

——中国开展国际发展合作，源于中国的国际主义情怀。中国人民历来富有正义感和同情心。1950年，刚刚成立的新中国就克服重重困难，竭尽全力支持其他国家的民族独立运动。70多年来，中华民族砥砺奋进，从积贫积弱逐步走向繁荣富强。中国人民不仅希望自己过得好，也希望别人过得好，愿在力所能及的范围内，为其他发展中国家的人民实现对美好生活的向往作出贡献。

–The Chinese tradition of internationalism. The Chinese people always preserve a sense of justice and a feeling of sympathy. In 1950, just one year after the founding of the People’s Republic, China did its utmost to support other countries in their campaigns for national independence in spite of its own difficulties. Over the past seven decades, the Chinese nation has forged ahead, moving from poverty and backwardness towards strength and prosperity. The Chinese people hope that other peoples will also lead a good life while theirs is improving, and are willing to contribute as much as they can to other developing countries’ efforts to satisfy their people’s aspiration for a better life.

——中国开展国际发展合作，源于中国的大国责任担当。中国是联合国创始成员国和安理会常任理事国。中国坚守和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值，坚定走和平发展、开放发展、合作发展、共同发展道路。积极开展国际发展合作，是中国作为国际社会负责任成员的应尽责任和义务。中国把为人类作出新的更大贡献作为使命，愿努力为国际社会提供更多公共产品，与各国共创更加美好的未来。

–China’s sense of responsibility as a major country. China is a founding member of the United Nations and also a permanent member of the UN Security Council. It upholds the universal values of humanity – peace, development, equity, justice, democracy and freedom – and sticks to a development path that is peaceful, open, cooperative and inclusive. China considers it a duty to actively engage in development cooperation as a responsible member of the international community. China considers it a mission to contribute more to humanity. Its wish is to offer more public goods to the international community and join forces with other countries to build a better common future.

（二）新时代的中国国际发展合作观

2. China’s Approaches to Development Cooperation

中共十八大以来，中国的国际发展合作在实践中不断发展，形成了既一脉相承又富有新时代特色的中国国际发展合作观。

Based on its experience in international development cooperation since the 18th CPC National Congress, China has formed distinctive approaches in keeping with the new era while maintaining its fine traditions, as elaborated below.

——推动构建人类命运共同体是中国开展国际发展合作的崇高使命。人类命运休戚与共，没有发展中国家的发展，就不可能实现世界的稳定和繁荣。中国开展国际发展合作，帮助其他发展中国家减少贫困、改善民生，旨在同发展中国家一道，促进缩小南北发展差距、消除发展赤字，建设相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系，建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。

–Promoting a global community of shared future is the mission of China’s international development cooperation. Humanity shares a common stake in development, and world stability and prosperity cannot be achieved unless developing countries can progress. By helping other developing countries reduce poverty and improve their people’s lives, China works together with them to narrow the North-South gap, eliminate the deficit in development, establish a new model of international relations based on mutual respect, equity, justice and win-win cooperation, and build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security and common prosperity.

——坚持正确义利观是中国开展国际发展合作的价值导向。正确义利观坚持义利相兼、以义为先，这既是中国传统文化的弘扬，也是中国国际主义精神的体现。中国开展国际发展合作以正确义利观为导向，希望全世界共同做大发展蛋糕，特别是希望发展中国家加快发展，共享开放发展的机遇和成果。恪守互利共赢原则，在对发展中国家提供力所能及的帮助时，重视和照顾其他国家的利益需求，重义轻利、舍利取义。

–Pursuing the greater good and shared interests, with higher priority given to the former, is the underlying guideline. This represents one of China’s cultural traditions and embodies its belief in internationalism. Under this guideline, China strives to make the cake of prosperity bigger, and hopes developing countries will advance faster to share the opportunities and benefits offered by open development. Observing the principle of mutual benefit for win-win outcomes, it offers as much assistance as it can while taking into consideration of the interests and needs of other developing countries.

——南南合作是中国开展国际发展合作的基本定位。中国发展取得巨大成就，但是中国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家的国际地位没有变。中国开展国际发展合作，是发展中国家之间的相互帮助，属于南南合作范畴，与南北合作有着本质区别。作为南南合作的坚定支持者、积极参与者和重要贡献者，中国将继续承担与自身发展阶段和实际能力相适应的国际责任，促进南南合作深化发展，实现联合自强。

–South-South cooperation is the focus. In spite of China’s tremendous achievements, two realities have not changed: China is in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come, and China is still the world’s largest developing economy. China’s development cooperation is a form of mutual assistance between developing countries. It falls into the category of South-South cooperation and therefore is essentially different from North-South cooperation. China is a staunch supporter, active participant and key contributor of South-South cooperation. It will continue to shoulder the international responsibilities commensurate with its development level and capacity, and further expand South-South cooperation, so as to promote joint efforts for common development.

——共建“一带一路”是中国开展国际发展合作的重要平台。丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路是中国为世界提供的重要公共产品。中国国际发展合作以共建“一带一路”为平台，积极参与、配合“一带一路”建设，促进相关国家政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通，为将“一带一路”打造成为和平之路、繁荣之路、开放之路、绿色之路、创新之路、文明之路、廉洁之路作出积极贡献。

–Belt and Road cooperation is a major platform. The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road are significant public goods China offers to the whole world and a major platform for international development cooperation. China has joined hands with other countries to promote policy, infrastructure, trade, financial and people-to-people connectivity, to build the Belt and Road into a path towards peace, prosperity, opening up, innovation, green development, cultural exchanges, and clean government.

——帮助其他发展中国家落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程是中国开展国际发展合作的重要方向。联合国2030年可持续发展议程是指导全球发展合作的纲领性文件，与共建“一带一路”高度契合。近年来，全球落实进程取得初步进展，但全球发展不平衡不充分的现象仍然突出，新冠肺炎疫情全球蔓延为落实议程带来严峻挑战。如期实现可持续发展目标，不让任何一个国家、任何一个人掉队任重道远。中国通过开展国际发展合作，增强有关国家发展能力，优化发展伙伴关系，帮助其他发展中国家克服疫情影响，加快落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程，实现共同繁荣。

–Helping other developing countries to pursue the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a key goal. The 2030 Agenda is a guiding blueprint for development cooperation around the world and has a lot in common with the Belt and Road Initiative. The international community has made initial progress in achieving the agenda’s goals in recent years, but global development remains unbalanced and inadequate. The Covid-19 pandemic has posed a serious threat to the 2030 Agenda, making it a tough task to achieve its goals in all countries and for all people as scheduled. Through international cooperation on improving development capacity and optimizing development partnerships, China has helped other developing countries mitigate the impact of the pandemic, so as to accelerate action for the 2030 Agenda and achieve common prosperity.