图为“魂”寄出的明信片的背面

朗读者：2020级硕士生 陈德港

这是1920年8月 14 日留法勤工俭学学生“魂”寄给何孟雄的明信片。明信片的背面为湖泊风景图案，图案下方有印刷字“259 PARIS,—Le Las du Bois de Boulogne.—XX.”(意为259巴黎--布洛涅树林的湖泊--XX.)。明信片的正面是黑色钢笔书写的内容，分为左右两栏：左栏为正文，右栏为何孟雄的通信地址。明信片贴两枚邮票（征集时已遗失），盖4枚圆形邮戳，其中两枚的内容随邮票遗失而不见，仅留下圆形轮廓；另两枚为寄达邮戳，内容分别为“北京 PEKING 28 SEP 20”“PEKING 九月廿八 北京”。明信片左上角的正文上方钤有“张瑞林”黑色印戳。

This is the postcard from “Hun” (Spirit), a student who worked part-time while learning in France, to He Mengxiong on August 14, 1920. On the back of the postcard lies a picture of a lake, below which a line in print reads “259 PARIS, — Le Las du Bois de Boulogne. — XX.” (“259 Paris — Lake of Boulogne Woods — XX.). The front of the postcard contains two columns of words written in black ink; the left one presents the text while He Mengxiong’s mailing address is on the right. The postcard used to have two stamps and four circular postmarks, but the stamps and two of the postmarks on them had already been lost ever before the postcard was collected. Now what remain there are the circular outlines of the two missing postmarks, as well as the other two suggesting when and where the postcard arrived — the one in English says “BEIJING PEKING 28 SEP 20” and the Chinese one shows “PEKING 九月廿八 北京”. On the upper left corner above the text lies a black name stamp “Zhang Ruilin”.

图为明信片正面内容

何孟雄（1898-1931），湖南酃县人。1920年参加北京共产党早期组织。1921年任中共北京地委书记。同年参与北方劳动组合书记部领导，多次参与组织北方工人运动。历任中共唐山地委书记、汉口市委组织部长等职。1927年任中共江苏省委委员、省农委秘书等职，参与领导江苏等各地的农民斗争。1930年任中共沪中区委书记。1931年1月在东方旅社被捕，不久牺牲于龙华。

He Mengxiong (1898 – 1931) was born and brought up in Ling County, Hunan Province. He joined the early Communist Party of Beijing in 1920 and became secretary of the CPC Beijing Regional Committee in 1921. In the same year, he joined in the leadership of the Northern Labor Union Secretary Department and organized many labor movements in the north. In the following years, He Mengxiong served as secretary of the CPC Tangshan Regional Committee, and then head of the Organization Department of Hankou Municipal Party Committee. In 1927, he became a member of the CPC Jiangsu Provincial Committee and secretary of Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Committee, leading peasant struggles in Jiangsu and many other regions. In 1930, he became secretary of the CPC Shanghai Central District Committee. In January 1931, He Mengxiong was arrested at the Oriental Hostel and executed shortly afterwards in Longhua.

图为何孟雄像

寄信人“魂”的真实姓名是留法勤工俭学学生蒲照魂。“骑河楼斗鸡坑七号”是何孟雄所参加的北京工读互助团第一组所在地。1919年年底，一批胸怀改造社会理想的青年组成北京工读互助团，开始实践共产生活。在北京大学旁听的何孟雄率先参加了工读互助团第一组的实践，与同学经营食堂、洗衣、英算专修等项目。1920年2月，在法文专修馆学习的蒲照魂与同学组成北京工读互助团第四组，经营食品和零售等项目。

The real name of the postcard sender was Pu Zhaohun, a student who worked part-time while studying in France. “No.7 in Cockfighting Pit Hutong on Qihelou Street” was the address of He Mengxiong in Group One of the Beijing Work-and-Learning Mutual Aid Corps, which was established at the end of 1919 by a group of young people with the ideal of reforming society through practicing the communist way of living. At that time, He Mengxiong was an auditor at Peking University and one of the first to join the corps, where he and his classmates ran dining halls, provided laundry services, and taught English and arithmetic. In February 1920, Pu Zhaohun and his classmates at the French Language Institute formed Group Four of the Beijing Work-and-Learning Mutual Aid Corps, where they engaged in the service of food and retailing.

图为北京工读互助团合照

在参加北京工读互助团之前，何孟雄和蒲照魂都曾热心留法勤工俭学运动。1918年6月，何孟雄离开湖南老家，进入北京翊教寺留法预备学校攻读法文，同在北京进修法文的蒲照魂有可能在此时与何孟雄结识。

Before joining the Beijing Work-and-Learning Mutual Aid Corps, both He Mengxiong and Pu Zhaohun were enthusiastic in the work-and-learning-in-France movement. In June 1918, He Mengxiong left his hometown in Hunan and was admitted to the Beijing Yijiao Temple Preparatory School for French studies. Pu Zhaohun, who was also studying French in Beijing, might have met He for the first time during this period.

何孟雄和蒲照魂这两位有志青年，在追求真理、探寻社会改造的过程中逐渐成为并肩作战的战友。1920年5月1日，同为北京大学平民教育讲演团成员的何孟雄、蒲照魂等人发起和组织了我国第一次纪念五一国际劳动节大会。当天，他们在城区游行、散发传单并进行演讲，揭露统治阶级对工人阶级的剥削和压迫，引发了反动当局恐慌，遂出动军警将其拘捕并关押。

These two ambitious youths gradually became comrades-in-arms fighting side by side in the process of pursuing truth and exploring social reforms. On May 1, 1920, He and Pu, as members of the Peking University Civilian Education Lecture Group, initiated the first conference in China honoring International Workers’ Day. That day, they launched a parade in the urban area, handing out leaflets and giving speeches to expose the ruling class’ exploitation of and oppression on the working class. This triggered panic among the reactionary authorities, who soon sent out military police to arrest and detain the paraders.

图为北京大学平民教育讲演团合照

最终，何孟雄和蒲照魂等人在北京大学校长蔡元培等人的联名具保之下才得以获释。1920年5月17日，何孟雄与蒲照魂等人从黑暗的监狱中走出时，受到北京学联的隆重欢迎。

Under the joint guarantee of Cai Yuanpei, president of Peking University, and other influential people there, He Mengxiong, Pu Zhaohun and other paraders were finally released. May 17, 1920 was the day when they walked out of the dark prison and received a grand welcome from the Beijing Association of Students.

经过这件事情，这两位热衷于追求真理的先进青年变得更加坚毅和成熟，开始探索新的救国救民道路。不久，何孟雄加入北京共产主义青年团和共产主义小组，成为中国共产党组织的最早成员之一和工人运动的先驱。蒲照魂则踏上了赴法留学的另一条路径。

After this incident, the two progressive youths who were keen on pursuing truth became more determined and mature and began to explore a new approach to save the country and its people. Shortly afterwards, He Mengxiong joined the Beijing Communist Youth League and the Communist Group and became one of the earliest members of the Communist Party of China and the pioneer of labor movements. Pu Zhaohun, on the other hand, stepped on another path — to study abroad in France.

这张明信片不仅是何孟雄与蒲照魂友谊的见证，还是中国青年孜孜不倦追求真理的缩影，也是何孟雄关心留法勤工俭学情况的真实记录。1984年，这件文物由何孟雄之妻缪伯英烈士的胞弟缪立三捐赠。2001年9月, 经国家文物局近现代一级文物确认专家组鉴定，确认为一级文物。

This postcard is not only a witness to the friendship between He Mengxiong and Pu Zhaohun, but also a glimpse into Chinese youth’s tireless pursuit of truth. It is also a record of He Mengxiong’s concern about the work-and-learning programs in France. This cultural relic was donated in 1984 by Miao Lisan, the brother of He Mengxiong’s wife, Martyr Miao Boying. In September 2001, it was then identified as a first-class cultural relic by the expert panel of modern first-class cultural relics of the National Cultural Heritage Administration.

（中文作者：徐贞）