图为李公朴《诗一首》，李公朴烈士遗墨

（摄于上海龙华烈士纪念馆）

朗诵者：2020级本科生金佳琳

抗日救亡运动——大仁大智而大勇

Benevolence and Wisdom Make Fearless Spirit: Stories Behind the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Movements

诗一首

李公朴

仁者不忧

智者不惑

勇者不惧

A Poem

Li Gongpu

The benevolent are free from worries,

The wise are free from doubts,

The brave are free from fears.

【作者简介】

李公朴（1902~1946），江苏武进人。爱国民主人士。早年就读于上海沪江大学，曾参加过五卅运动。1927年赴美留学，回国后在上海从事新闻工作。“九·一八”事变后积极参加抗日救亡运动和群众文化教育工作。1936年参加全国各界救国联合会。同年11月与沈钧儒、邹韬奋等7人被国民党政府逮捕，史称“七君子”事件。1937年7月获释后继续从事抗日救亡运动。1946年7月因从事和平民主爱国运动在昆明被国民党特务暗杀。

【Introduction of the author】

Li Gongpu (1902-1946), a democratic patriot, was born in Wujin, Jiangsu Province. In his early years, he studied at the University of Shanghai and participated in the May 30th Movement. In 1927, he went to the United States for further study. After returning to China, he started to work as a journalist in Shanghai. After the “9.18 Incident”, he actively devoted himself to resisting Japanese aggression and educating the public. In 1936, he joined the Anti-Japanese and National Salvation Association. In November of the same year, Li and other six patriots including Shen Junru and Zou Taofen were arrested by the Kuomintang government, which is historically known as the “Seven Gentlemen Incident”. After being released in July 1937, he continued to fight against the Japanese and defend his motherland. In July 1946, he was assassinated by Kuomintang secret agents in Kunming for his engagement in a patriotic movement calling for peace and democracy.

【赏析】

大仁大智而大勇

1946年李公朴被国民党反动派暗杀后，毛泽东、朱德发来唁电：“先生尽瘁救国事业与进步文化事业，威武不屈，富贵不淫。”这确实是对李公朴的一生的高度评价。

Benevolence and Wisdom Make Fearless Spirit

After Li Gongpu was assassinated by the Kuomintang reactionaries in 1946, Mao Zedong and Zhu De telegraphed a joint condolence: “Mr. Li devoted himself to saving the country and spreading progressive culture. He remained unyielding in the face of brutalities and never wavered by wealth and honor.” This is indeed high praise for Li’s lifetime contributions. 

李公朴是一位忠诚的爱国主义者，是一位坚强的民主战士，他的一生为了祖国的独立、自由、民主和解放奔走呼吁，不遗余力，不惜牺牲一切。“九·一八”事变后，李公朴满怀爱国热情，站在救亡运动的前列，他为了宣传抗日，揭露国民党反动当局对人民的欺骗，与其他爱国民主人士一起，到处奔走，进行集会、请愿，向广大民众发表演说，号召大家要为中华民族的解放而斗争。但他和他的同志们的爱国活动，却被国民党当局认为是“危害民国”，1936年11月，国民党当局逮捕了李公朴及其他6位民主人士，这就是震惊中外的“七君子”事件。在狱中敌人软硬兼施，但这一切并没有使李公朴被吓倒，反而更坚定了他团结抗战的决心，他为真理决不怕死，他曾对朋友说：“我被捕时手枪直对着我，我不怕，我认为最多不过一死，人又有哪个不死的呢？那又有什么可怕！”他在日记中还勉励自己：“春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干，我们追求真理，服务人群，抗战到底，争取民族解放，均应取此态度。”出狱后，他还是为了真理、为了救国到处奔走，他到过山西，到过华北，也去过延安，他把抗战教育和发动群众结合起来。正因为如此，他的行为受到朋友们的赞赏，1941年初，著名教育家陶行知为李公朴题了这样一幅字：

Li was a loyal patriot and a tough fighter for democracy. Throughout his lifetime, he made every effort possible and even sacrificed himself to strive for the independence, freedom, democracy and liberation of China. After the “9.18 Incident”, Li was full of patriotic enthusiasm. He stood at the forefront of patriotic movements to save China. In order to encourage the public to resist the Japanese aggression together and disclose the deceit of the Kuomintang authorities, he held rallies and set up petitions with other democratic patriots. At the rallies, he delivered speeches to call on everybody to fight for the liberation of the Chinese nation. However, his and his comrades’ patriotic activities were defamed as “harmful to the Republic of China” by the Kuomintang authorities.

In November 1936, Li and other six democratic advocates were arrested by the Kuomintang authorities, which is known as the infamous “Seven Gentlemen Incident”. In prison, Li was undeterred by the enemy’s carrot-and-stick tricks, which only strengthened his determination to fight against the Japanese. In pursuit of the truth, he was never afraid of death. He once said to his friend: “When I was arrested, a pistol was aimed right at me, but I was not afraid. I thought the worst was just death. Who could escape death? So why should I be afraid?” He also encouraged himself in his diary: “A silkworm won’t stop spinning silk until death, and a candle won’t stop giving light until burned to dust. When pursuing the truth, serving the people, fighting to the end of the war, and striving for national liberation, we should all adopt this attitude.”

After his release, he rushed to Shanxi, North China and Yan’an to seek the truth and save the country. He combined war-time education with the mobilization of the masses, which earned him the admiration of his friends. At the beginning of 1941, the well-known educator Tao Xingzhi wrote the following words for Li:

“仁者不忧 智者不惑 勇者不惧 惟其不惑 所以不忧 所以不惧 吾辈追求真理 认识真理 为民族人类服务 有什么疑惑呢  公朴吾兄  行知  三0．一．九”这幅题字很受李公朴喜爱，这一年，他到滇南滇北考察时，至少两次用他那从容雅致的楷书，为朋友们书写了同样的字幅。龙华碑苑用的就是李公朴手书的这幅字幅。

“The benevolent are free from worries; the wise are free from doubts; the brave are free from fears. It is because a man does not doubt that he does not worry and fear. We pursue the truth, know the truth, and serve the nation and mankind. We have no doubts. These words are addressed to my good brother Li Gongpu, written by Xingzhi on January 9, 30th of the Republic of China.” Li loved this scroll. During his visits to southern and northern Yunnan that year, he copied it at least twice for his friends, writing in elegant regular script. The one inscribed on the stele in Longhua Monument Garden was also copied from him.

“仁者不忧，智者不惑，勇者不惧。”语出自《论语·宪问》：“子曰：君子道者三，我无能焉：仁者不忧，智者不惑，勇者不惧。”仁者，具有仁德的人。仁，是儒家的一种含义极广的道德标准。《礼记·中庸》：“仁者人也，亲亲为大。”用现在的话，意思就是孔子说：“君子所行的三件事，我一件也没能做到：仁德的人不忧虑，智慧的人不迷惑，勇敢的人不惧怕。”而在陶行知、李公朴的字幅里，仁者就是指热爱祖国热爱人民的人，智者就是指有着坚定的信念、明确的目标的人，勇者就是指为人民的利益而不怕牺牲的人。因为后面“惟其不惑，所以不忧，所以不惧。吾辈追求真理，认识真理，抱着真理为民族人类服务，有什么疑惑呢？”就是对前面三句话的最好注解，追求真理，最后终于认识了真理，从此有了坚定的信念，从此不会感到疑惑了，就是像李公朴那样的人，为了祖国的利益为了人民的利益，再也不会忧虑，也不怕牺牲。

“The benevolent are free from worries, the wise are free from doubts, the brave are free from fears.” The words come from Xian Wen, the Analects of Confucius, “Confucius said: The way of the gentlemen is threefold, which I fail to obtain: the benevolent are free from worries, the wise are free from doubts, the brave are free from fears.” The benevolent are people with benevolence, which is a moral standard with a broad meaning in Confucianism. “The Doctrine of the Mean” in the Book of Rites reads: “The so-called benevolence is to love others. And among the love of others, it is most important to be close to one’s relatives.” In modern words, Confucius means, “I have not been able to do any of the three things a gentleman does: a virtuous man does not worry, a wise man does not get confused, and a brave man does not fear.”

In Tao Xingzhi and Li’s scrolls of calligraphy, the benevolent refers to those who love the motherland and the people, the wise refers to those who have firm faith and clear goals, and the brave refers to those who are not afraid to sacrifice for the interests of the people. Tao’s later remarks about the pursuit of the truth and serving the nation and mankind are the best annotation of the first three sentences—After pursuing the truth, one finally comes to know the truth, and from then on he will have firm faith and will never feel confused. Those are the people like Li, who never worry or be afraid of sacrificing themselves for the interests of the motherland and the people.

李公朴这样写了，也这样做了。抗战胜利后，他为了和平，为了民主继续奔走。在1946年2月重庆“较场口事件”中，他为了民主，被国民党特务打成重伤，但他毫不畏惧，他对前来看望的周恩来说：“为了和平民主，为了祖国统一，我受点伤算不了什么，我要更加坚强起来，力争人权、自由和民主！”回到昆明后，白色恐怖笼罩着春城，但他不怕威胁，他对夫人说：“为了爱国，我们得随时准备死。”“我前脚跨出门去，后脚就不准备再跨回来。”同年7月，李公朴终于倒在国民党特务的无声手枪下，他喊着“为了民主！为了民主！”壮烈牺牲。李公朴用他的生命实现了他的理想，也实现了他的信念：“仁者不忧，智者不惑，勇者不惧。”

Li not only wrote the words. He also followed through. After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he continued to struggle for peace and democracy. In February 1946, he was severely injured by Kuomintang secret agents in the “Jiaochangkou Incident” in Chongqing. However, he was not afraid. He said to Zhou Enlai, who came to visit him, “For the sake of peace and democracy, for the reunification of the motherland, my injury is nothing. I will be stronger and fight for human rights, freedom and democracy!”

When he returned to Kunming, the white terror had already enveloped the city. But he was not afraid. He said to his wife, “We must be ready to die for our country.” “When I leave my home, I’m not prepared to come back.” In July of the same year, Li was shot down by a silent pistol fired by Kuomintang secret agents. He shouted “For democracy! For democracy!” and heroically gave his life. With his life, Li realized his ideal and his belief: “The benevolent are free from worries, the wise are free from doubts, the brave are free from fears.”

跋文：惟其不惑，所以不忧，所以不惧。吾辈追求真理，认识真理，抱着真理为民族人类服务，有什么疑惑呢？可甫先生雅正，抗战第五年十二月二十二日于箇旧锡业公司，李公朴。

此题词为李公朴烈士遗墨，所作为楷书。

Postscript: It is because a man does not doubt that he does not worry or fear. We pursue the truth, know the truth, and serve the nation and mankind. We have no doubts. The words are revised by Mr. Kefu and written by Li Gongpu in Gejiu Tin Company on December 22, Fifth year of the Anti-Japanese War.

This inscription is credited to Li Gongpu, written in regular script.